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In
the past, it was dispersed rural interest groups who favored free
trade, and concentrated urban producers who wanted protection for
their new industries. Now, in the age of the knowledge economy, the
relationship has reversed. Much of manufacturing now takes place
outside of city centers. Ever since the New Deal and the rise of
labor unions, manufacturing has been moving away from city centers
and spreading out to exurban and rural areas along interstates,
especially in the South. In an era of intense global competition,
these have now become the places where voters can be most easily
mobilized in favor of trade protection.
Moreover,
much like manufacturing in an earlier era, the knowledge economy has
grown up in a very geographically concentrated way in certain city
centers. These are the places that now benefit most from
globalization and free trade. We’re back to debates about trade and
protection that occupied Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson,
although the geographic location of the interests has changed over
time. Changing economic geography has shaped our political geography
in important ways, and contributed to an increase in urban-rural
polarization.
JONATHAN
RODDEN is a professor in the Political Science Department at
Stanford and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution.
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IDAHO
STATESMAN
Shake up your
mind in 2019 by checking out these 6 websites and 7 podcasts
By Nancy
Napier [1.10.19]
The
year is still fresh and perhaps you’re on a road to living well and
learning more. That may mean rethinking some reading and listening
routines. I’ve listed below a few that you might want to check out —
most of them focus on offering new ideas, different perspectives or
alternative ways to look at some issue.
If
you’re curious about new social or business trends, check these
websites. Edge.org (https://www.edge.org/) is a
collection of ideas from some of the world’s biggest thinkers. I
wrote recently about “what is your question,” which stemmed from the
site’s 2018 discussion.
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FAIR
COMPANIES (Spain)
Analog
computing as an antidote to autonomous algorithms
By Nicolás
Boullosa [1.8.19]
[ED.
NOTE: George Dyson, Kafka, Heidegger, Pirsig, Arendt,
Wiener, and Edge…]
George Dyson dedicates an interesting essay in Edge to
explore digital evolution from a human system to an algorithm that no
longer depends on human programmers, and the worrying implications of
this phenomenon. But Dyson does not settle for the diagnosis and
explores an original proposal for a solution: returning cybernetics
to its analogue heart.
For
Dyson, what we know today as a digital revolution has not ended, but
it has mutated into something very different, abandoning the
possibility of the first years and leaving behind its
"childhood". For a long time, computer science has not
responded to the old paradigm of machines controlled by instructions
that, in turn, have been designed by humans, who supervise
execution.
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Mysterious
Universe
Humanity’s Time is Up: George Dyson Says We May
Already Be Controlled by AI
Brett Tigley
January 18, 2019
Despite
the frequent warnings of both
experts in the field and laymen, we continue to march along towards a
future dominated by artificial intelligence constructs. For some
reason, those with the ability to shape our futures just really
want us to become the subservient Terminator fodder of a
superintelligent AI hivemind built right into the very fabric of the
technosphere. Are we creating our new overlords? Even worse, have
already already created them? Could it be possible that we’ve already
passed the tipping point and are already controlled by AI constructs?
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Edge
Foundation, Inc. is a nonprofit private operating foundation under
Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
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